#教程# 使用Rclone挂载Google Drive到云主机/VPS 扩容硬盘

简介

Rclone是一个 Github 上面的一个开源项目,专门开发用来在 Linux 上面同步文件/文件夹,上传的一个命令行工具。目前很多人喜欢用 VPS 做离线下载,不过由于有的服务器硬盘太小了,我们可以通过挂载Google Drive网盘的方法,实现扩容。(Google Drive 有 15G 免费的空间,也可以去某宝购买一个无限空间的账号,理论上能够实现无限存储)

图片[1] - #教程# 使用Rclone挂载Google Drive到云主机/VPS 扩容硬盘 - 云线路

Rclone 官网

挂载教程

本教程仅在 CentOS 7 下测试成功,其他版本并未测试仅供参考;

首先安装 EPEL 源:

yum -y install epel-release

接下来安装一些基本组件和依赖:

yum -y install wget unzip screen fuse fuse-devel

下载Rclone-解压-重命名文件夹-进入文件夹

cd /usr/local
wget wget https://downloads.rclone.org/v1.47.0/rclone-v1.47.0-linux-amd64.zip
unzip rclone-v1.47.0-linux-amd64.zip
mv rclone-v1.47.0-linux-amd64 rclone
cd rclone

目前最新版本是 1.47.0,rclone 会随时间推移而更新,可以到 rclone 官网 查看最新版本然后替换地址即可;

运行 Rclone 开始配置:

./rclone config

第一步选择 n(新建),然后回车输入一个 name(名字),例如:这里我创建的名字为 gd

No remotes found - make a new one
n) New remote
s) Set configuration password
q) Quit config
n/s/q> n
name> gd

这里选择你需要配置的存储类型,我这里选择 12(Google Drive),根据版本变化选择的序号会不同看清楚 Google Drive 再选择,如果要挂载其他的选填数字即可:

Type of storage to configure.
Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
 1 / A stackable unification remote, which can appear to merge the contents of several remotes
   \ "union"
 2 / Alias for a existing remote
   \ "alias"
 3 / Amazon Drive
   \ "amazon cloud drive"
 4 / Amazon S3 Compliant Storage Provider (AWS, Alibaba, Ceph, Digital Ocean, Dreamhost, IBM COS, Minio, etc)
   \ "s3"
 5 / Backblaze B2
   \ "b2"
 6 / Box
   \ "box"
 7 / Cache a remote
   \ "cache"
 8 / Dropbox
   \ "dropbox"
 9 / Encrypt/Decrypt a remote
   \ "crypt"
10 / FTP Connection
   \ "ftp"
11 / Google Cloud Storage (this is not Google Drive)
   \ "google cloud storage"
12 / Google Drive
   \ "drive"
13 / Hubic
   \ "hubic"
14 / JottaCloud
   \ "jottacloud"
15 / Local Disk
   \ "local"
16 / Mega
   \ "mega"
17 / Microsoft Azure Blob Storage
   \ "azureblob"
18 / Microsoft OneDrive
   \ "onedrive"
19 / OpenDrive
   \ "opendrive"
20 / Openstack Swift (Rackspace Cloud Files, Memset Memstore, OVH)
   \ "swift"
21 / Pcloud
   \ "pcloud"
22 / QingCloud Object Storage
   \ "qingstor"
23 / SSH/SFTP Connection
   \ "sftp"
24 / Webdav
   \ "webdav"
25 / Yandex Disk
   \ "yandex"
26 / http Connection
   \ "http"
Storage> 12

接下来会叫选填 Google Application Client ID 和,这里 2 项都留空回车即可:

Google Application Client Id
Leave blank normally.
Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
client_id> 
Google Application Client Secret
Leave blank normally.
Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
client_secret> 

rclone 在请求从驱动器访问时应使用的范围,这里选 1 即可

Scope that rclone should use when requesting access from drive.
Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
 1 / Full access all files, excluding Application Data Folder.
   \ "drive"
 2 / Read-only access to file metadata and file contents.
   \ "drive.readonly"
   / Access to files created by rclone only.
 3 | These are visible in the drive website.
   | File authorization is revoked when the user deauthorizes the app.
   \ "drive.file"
   / Allows read and write access to the Application Data folder.
 4 | This is not visible in the drive website.
   \ "drive.appfolder"
   / Allows read-only access to file metadata but
 5 | does not allow any access to read or download file content.
   \ "drive.metadata.readonly"
scope> 1

选填文件夹 ID 和帐户凭据 JSON 文件路径,这里我都留空回车的

ID of the root folder
Leave blank normally.
Fill in to access "Computers" folders. (see docs).
Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
root_folder_id> 
Service Account Credentials JSON file path 
Leave blank normally.
Needed only if you want use SA instead of interactive login.
Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
service_account_file> 

问你是否要编辑高级配置,这里我选择 N

Edit advanced config? (y/n)
y) Yes
n) No
y/n> n

是否自动远程配置,这里选择 N,因为你在手动远程配置

Remote config
Use auto config?
 * Say Y if not sure
 * Say N if you are working on a remote or headless machine
y) Yes
n) No
y/n> n

接下来会给出 Google Drive 的授权地址,把它复制到浏览器打开,按提示登陆,复制获取到的代码,然后返回 SSH 粘贴后回车

If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth?access_type=offline&client_id=202264815644.apps.googleusercontent.com&redirect_uri=urn%3Aietf%3Awg%3Aoauth%3A2.0%3Aoob&response_type=code&scope=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.googleapis.com%2Fauth%2Fdrive&state=55663e7e07382e3dddb9025c86de4f
Log in and authorize rclone for access
Enter verification code> 4/UQGiRz375eb-OixO5EUtZMxBhJwAQ4zOyvA1wtJWKq2Ocmzh3zNYE

问你是不是将其配置为团队网盘,这里选 N

Configure this as a team drive?
y) Yes
n) No
y/n> n

列出你上面修改的配置信息,问你是否删除、编辑或者确定配置信息,这里选择确定 y

--------------------
[gd]
type = drive
scope = drive
token = {"access_token":"ya29.GlsQByNiBURlXoPpe-bDpa2kF99Jo4rrmjicBXdWIT6loPUhS7SJ9XWUIk2LP4vO231nra_zpUwHn6no0Y_LBbXYFZvyVf0gRthepF2VuPFdhBFEKY7XYJaelt","token_type":"Bearer","refresh_token":"1/ry1JGhRiqqE6-PqRN-S2icZ_Oz9uOTXfSNxWA85zUnjU5gEm-6TejL6o-hjyuY","expiry":"2019-05-21T04:36:23.300542043-04:00"}
--------------------
y) Yes this is OK
e) Edit this remote
d) Delete this remote
y/e/d> y

问你是否修改、删除、退出配置编辑,这里选择退出 q

Current remotes:
 
Name                 Type
====                 ====
gd                   drive
 
e) Edit existing remote
n) New remote
d) Delete remote
r) Rename remote
c) Copy remote
s) Set configuration password
q) Quit config
e/n/d/r/c/s/q> q

到这里结束配置 rclone,下面要把 Google Drive 网盘挂载到云主机/Vps 上和设置开机自启,自动挂载 Google Drive 网盘

新建一个你要挂载的目录,例如我要挂载到/home/gdrive

mkdir -p /home/gdrive

再执行挂载命令:

./rclone mount gd: /home/gdrive --allow-other --allow-non-empty --vfs-cache-mode writes

gd 为 Rclone 的配置名称,比如你在创建配置 rclone 的时候 Name 填的 gd,/home/gdrive 为本地路径;

这里还可以自定义设置网盘里的文件夹路径,例如:

./rclone mount gd:backup /home/gdrive --allow-other --allow-non-empty --vfs-cache-mode writes

gd:backup gd 为 Rclone 的配置名称:backup 为网盘里的目录名

卸载 Google Drive 磁盘:

fusermount -qzu /home/gdrive

挂载只要几秒钟,但终端不会返回成功信息,关闭 SSH 重连即可。

重连后查看是否挂载成功:

df -h

有看到 gd,15G 硬盘,使用量和本本地主机路径即成功挂载

gd:              15G  1.1M   15G   1% /home/gdrive

接下来设置开机自动挂载,先把 rclone 的可执行文件复制到/usr/bin:

cp /usr/local/rclone/rclone /usr/bin/rclone

新建一个/usr/lib/systemd/system/rclone.service 文件内容为:

[Unit]
Description=rclone

[Service]
User=root
ExecStart=/usr/bin/rclone mount gd: /home/gdrive --allow-other --allow-non-empty --vfs-cache-mode writes
Restart=on-abort

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

注意修改挂载命令为你主机的路径

如果需要挂载多个网盘,按上面的教程新运行个 Rclone 配置,再新建一个/etc/systemd/system/[email protected] 文件:

# cat /etc/systemd/system/[email protected]
[Unit]
Description=rclone mount %I drive
After=network.target
 
[Service]
#Type=notify
Type=simple
#PrivateTmp=true
ExecStart=/usr/bin/rclone mount %i: /home/%i --allow-other --config /root/.config/rclone/rclone.conf
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

/home/%i 为挂载目录,可以自行设置路径例如:/root/%i

然后用这个启动命令:

for a in `grep '^\[' /root/.config/rclone/rclone.conf`
do
    b=${a:1:-1}
    [ ! -d "/root/${b}" ] && mkdir /root/${b}
    systemctl enable rclone@${b}
    systemctl start rclone@${b}
done

重载 daemon,让新的服务文件生效:

systemctl daemon-reload

用 systemctl 来启动 rclone

systemctl start rclone

设置开机启动:

systemctl enable rclone

停止、查看状态可以用:

systemctl stop rclone
systemctl status rclone

重启你的云主机/VPS:

reboot

重启后查看一下 rclone 的服务是否启动,GoogleDrive 是否正常挂载

systemctl status rclone
df -h

OK ! 完成.

传文件到 Google Drive

为什么不直接把文件目录设置成挂载目录?如果直接把文件目录指定到挂载目录,会出现各种莫名其妙的错误,比如:文件无法写入、读取、保存到 Googlr Drive 的文件不完整等等奇葩的问题。

这里可以用同步命令,本地目录/home/backup 同步到网盘的 backup 目录

rclone sync /home/backup gd:backup

相反,把目录调整下,就是把网盘 backup 目录同步到 VPS 目录/home/backup

rclone sync gd:backup /home/backup

通过添加此参数 –ignore-existing 可以忽略在网盘上已备份的文件,这相当于增量备份

rclone copy --ignore-existing /home/backup gd:backup

如果挂载 2 个网盘的话,可以同步配置名 gd2 的网盘里的 backup 目录,到配置名为 gd 的网盘的 backup 目录,反之亦然

rclone sync gd2:backup gd:backup

结语

其他问题请参考 rclone 帮助文档 https://rclone.org/googlecloudstorage/

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